The other advantage is that the interval between two pulses allows more efficient heat dissipation to avoid tissue thermal damage. The first advantage is that the high instant power in pulsed lasers allows a more efficient transfer of energy. When interacting with biological tissue, pulsed lasers have two main advantages compared with continuous wave lasers. At a wavelength of 904 nm, NIR light has been shown to have antitumor activity and can increase cytomorphological changes by inducing apoptosis in neoplastic cells. 8,9 Furthermore, NIR radiation induced apoptotic changes in both the smooth muscle fibers of the subdermal blood plexus and skeletal muscle fibers of the panniculus carnosus in rats, which resulted in long-lasting vasodilation and muscle thinning. reported that NIR irradiation could penetrate the skin and non-thermally affect the dermis, subdermal blood plexus, superficial skeletal muscles and other tissues. 5–7 Near-infrared (NIR) light is known to be strongly absorbed by water, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. For instance, all band UV radiation can damage collagen fibers, accelerate aging of the skin, 4 and even contribute to skin cancer by damaging DNA. However, excess exposure produces harmful effects. 1–3 Ultraviolet light (specifically UVB) can enable the body to produce vitamin D, which is essential for life. In recent years, laser therapies and applications such as laser-induced hyperthermia, laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy, interstitial laser photocoagulation therapy, and laser microsurgery have been well developed. Lasers are also an important tool in medical applications, e.g., as clean and precise cutters in surgery. Introduction Laser technologies have been extensively applied in science research, industry, communication networks, military, etc. The results offered reliable quantitative references for safe irradiation doses of high-intensity IR laser pulses in practical laser therapy. We systematically measured the penetrating effect and thermal effect through thick porcine tissues for high-intensity IR pulses with a laser system used in clinical treatment and subtracted the attenuation parameters for the porcine skin, fat and muscle tissue from the experimental data. These devices showed excellent linear responses in output voltage to laser power density with wavelengths in the range of 325–1064 nm, and also indicated the local temperature at the laser spot. Thus, in this study, we developed micro-sized thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) arrays on freestanding Si 3N 4 thin-film windows as sensors for laser power density and local temperature. However, for deep-level IR laser therapy, it is unclear how much of the laser power density penetrates the body tissues at certain depths and which of the three major effects of laser irradiation, namely, laser-induced photo-chemical effect, photo-thermal effect and mechanical dragging effect, play a key role in the curing process. Preliminary experiments have also shown that high-intensity IR laser pulses could penetrate thick body tissues, resulting in remarkable effects for recovery from injuries in deep muscles and cartilage tissues. Researchers have utilized infrared (IR) lasers as energy sources in laser therapy for curing skin diseases and skin injuries with remarkable effects.
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